{"id":307619,"date":"2025-06-05T22:52:34","date_gmt":"2025-06-05T20:52:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.classicult.it\/?p=307619"},"modified":"2025-06-08T13:28:15","modified_gmt":"2025-06-08T11:28:15","slug":"bronze-age-central-europe-diet-was-changed-and-society-transformed-investigation-at-the-cemetery-of-tiszafured-majoroshalom","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.classicult.it\/en\/bronze-age-central-europe-diet-was-changed-and-society-transformed-investigation-at-the-cemetery-of-tiszafured-majoroshalom\/","title":{"rendered":"Bronze Age Central Europe: diet was changed and society transformed; investigation at the cemetery of Tiszaf\u00fcred-Majoroshalom"},"content":{"rendered":"

A turning point in the Bronze Age Central Europe: the diet was changed and the society was transformed; the investigation at the cemetery of Tiszaf\u00fcred-Majoroshalom<\/strong><\/p>\n

Around 1500 BC, radical changes occurred in people\u2019s lives: they ate and lived differently, and the social system was also reorganized<\/p>\n

The bioarchaeological investigation of the Bronze Age cemetery of Tiszaf\u00fcred-Majoroshalom has shed new light on an important period in Central European history. An international research team \u2013 led by Tam\u00e1s Hajdu, associate professor at the Department of Anthropology at ELTE and Claudio Cavazzuti, senior assistant professor at the University of Bologna, has shown that around 1500 BC, radical changes occurred in people\u2019s lives: they ate and lived differently, and the social<\/a> system was also reorganized.<\/strong><\/p>\n

The multidisciplinary research was based on the Bronze Age cemetery excavated at Tiszaf\u00fcred-Majoroshalom, which was used both in the Middle Bronze Age (F\u00fczesabony culture) and in the Late Bronze Age (Tumulus culture). These finds allowed the researchers to compare the subsistence strategies before and after the change of era.<\/p>\n

The research team, led by Tam\u00e1s Hajdu and supported by the Hungarian National Research, Development and Innovation Office, sought to answer whether the spread of the Tumulus culture meant the arrival of new groups, or whether the autochtonous people continued their lives, and only the material culture changed. In addition, they also examined whether the archaeologically<\/a> observed settlement changes around 1500 BC indicate a change in lifestyle: whether people began to follow a lifestyle involving mainly animal husbandry and frequent migration instead of settled farming.<\/p>\n

\"Tiszaf\u00fcred
Tiszaf\u00fcred Majoroshalom B54. s\u00edr (MNMKK MNM AD HaGy Kov\u00e1cs Tibor hagyat\u00e9ka). A hivatkoz\u00e1s hozz\u00e1: Kov\u00e1cs 1995, Abb. 1\/A, 2-3 \u00e9s Dani J\u00e1nos et al. 2025
Kov\u00e1cs, T (1995) Auf Mitteleuropa weisende Beziehungen einiger Waffenfunde aus dem \u00f6stlichen Karpatenbecken. In H\u00e4nsel, B (Hrsg.), Handel, Tausch und Verker im bronze- und fr\u00fcheisenzeitlichen S\u00fcdosteuropa. Pr\u00e4historische Arch\u00e4ologie in S\u00fcdosteuropa 11. S\u00fcdosteuropa-Gesellschaft, M\u00fcnchen-Berlin, 173\u2013185. \u00e9s Dani J, Horv\u00e1th A, G\u00e9mes A, F\u00fcl\u00f6p K, Szeniczey T, Tarbay JG, et al. New radiocarbon dates from the Bronze Age Tiszaf\u00fcred-Majoroshalom site (Eastern Hungary). Radiocarbon. 2025;67(2):428\u201340. doi:10.1017\/RDC.2024.123. Photo Credits: Kov\u00e1cs 1995, Abb. 1\/A, 2-3 \u00e9s Dani J\u00e1nos et al. 2025<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

The most important results of the research:<\/strong><\/p>\n

Diet changed:\u00a0<\/strong>According to nitrogen stable isotope studies, people’s food consumption was much more diverse during the Middle Bronze Age, and differences within society were also more evident in their diet – especially in access to animal proteins. This difference decreased in the Late Bronze Age, and the diet became more uniform but poorer.<\/p>\n

Broomcorn millet was introduced:<\/strong>\u00a0According to carbon isotope analyses, the consumption of millet, a plant that can be grown quickly and has a high energy content, began at the beginning of the Late Bronze Age. The data from the Tiszaf\u00fcred Bronze Age cemetery indicate the earliest known consumption of millet in Europe.<\/p>\n

Mobility decreased:<\/strong>\u00a0According to the results of strontium isotope investigations, the populations of the Middle and Late Bronze Age Tiszaf\u00fcred had different mobility patterns. In the Late Bronze Age, fewer immigrants were identified and they arrived from different migration source than before. While in the Middle Bronze Age, beside the locals, several immigrants were observed among the people living in Tiszaf\u00fcred, and they most likely did not come from too far away (e.g. the Upper Tisza region, the northern part of the Carpathians), while in the Late Bronze Age, the settlers may have come from other geographical regions (e.g. Transdanubia or the Southern Carpathians). Based on radiocarbon dating, immigration began as early as the 1500s BC, which supports that the communities living further west had indeed reached the Great Hungarian Plain at the time of the appearance of the Tumulus culture.<\/p>\n

Social relations changed:<\/strong>\u00a0At the beginning of the Late Bronze Age, the long time-used tell-settlements were abandoned and people lived in less centralized settlement networks. This change created a looser, less structured social system \u2013 which is also reflected in dietary habits. According to microremains found in dental calculi and the aforementioned isotopic analyses, significantly less animal protein was consumed during this period than before, which contradicts the previous idea that people belonging to the Tumulus culture were mainly engaged in animal husbandry.<\/p>\n

The study<\/a>, published in the journal\u00a0Scientific Reports<\/em>, clearly refutes the previous idea that Tumulus culture people were mostly pastoralists. The research results show that the changes associated with the emergence of the Tumulus culture (around 1500 BC) \u2013 such as the observed differences in people’s lifestyles, burial customs and settlements \u2013 can only be truly understood if traditional archaeological<\/a> and anthropological studies are combined with modern bioarchaeological analyses.<\/p>\n

Bibliographic information:<\/strong><\/p>\n

Cavazzuti, C., Horv\u00e1th, A., G\u00e9mes, A.\u00a0et al.<\/i>, Isotope and archaeobotanical analysis reveal radical changes in mobility, diet and inequalities around 1500 BCE at the core of Europe, Sci Rep<\/i>\u00a015<\/b>, 17494 (2025), DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-025-01113-z<\/a><\/p>\n

Press release<\/a> from the E\u00f6tv\u00f6s Lor\u00e1nd University.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

A turning point in the Bronze Age Central Europe: the diet was changed and the society was transformed; the investigation\u00a0at the cemetery of Tiszaf\u00fcred-Majoroshalom<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":307653,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9863,12939],"tags":[63847,69415,69416,69417,69418,69419,9852,69420,11040,69421,11104,69422,11116,12789,12877,30569,36064,49016,60855],"class_list":["post-307619","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-prehistory","category-archaeology","tag-tamas-hajdu","tag-tumulus-culture","tag-tiszafured","tag-upper-tisza-region","tag-carpathians","tag-transdanubia","tag-bronze-age","tag-cemetery-of-tiszafured-majoroshalom","tag-scientific-reports","tag-claudio-cavazzuti","tag-university-of-bologna","tag-fuzesabony-culture","tag-diet","tag-central-europe","tag-middle-bronze-age","tag-hungary","tag-late-bronze-age","tag-broomcorn-millet","tag-eotvos-lorand-university"],"yoast_head":"\nBronze Age Central Europe: diet was changed and society transformed; 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